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There are a
number of individuals who are keenly interested in this notion of being able
to communicate from the Earth to a satellite.
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When we place a
call with our current cellular phone technology, we're sending our signal
horizontally across the face of the earth to the nearest tower at the center
of our cell. Taking into account the
curvature of the Earth, the broadcasting power of these towers, and the
distance they can reliably send and receive a signal, the towers are only
able to serve a small "footprint."
As anybody who has ever tried to place a cellular phone call while
driving in a car knows, the signal is greatly affected by what lies between
one's phone and one's cellular tower.
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The cellular
companies would dearly like us to use satellites, but the current set of
satellites they could use are too far out in space. One would be required to tow a trailer full
of batteries behind their car to have enough firepower to communicate
effectively with one of today's geosynchronous satellites.
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A low-level
orbiting satellite would work, except nobody wants to make a phone call once
every couple hours for fifteen minutes.
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So several
multi-national organizations have gotten together with the notion of putting
up multiple low-level orbiting satellites, creating a grid of these around
the globe so that at anytime one is underneath a satellite signal. The satellites would have routing and
switching capabilities, much like any Ethernet network, so they can send
signals back and forth to each other.
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Under this
scenario, one's call could leave the ground and go up to the nearest
satellite, the signal would then be switched from satellite to satellite
until it reaches a satellite above the destination and the signal is
downloaded to the receiving phone.
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This kind of
technology promises to offer better clarity too, since there are fewer things
to interfere with the signal, making it a much better scheme for transmitting
digital data.
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The first of
these satellite grids is expected to come online in the next three
years. About a half-dozen of them look
financially feasible at this point, so it could be that in five years time
you'll be able to purchase digital satellite cellular communication from one
of six competing international providers.
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Clearly the
reason that Craig McCaw and Bill Gates are spending billions to put up a
couple hundred low-level orbiting satellites to surround the world and create
a communications grid is to make money.
They expect to extract a good deal of cash from the famous "Henry
Kissinger Axis” (that is that line
that runs from Moscow, through London, New York, Tokyo, and Beijing.) They also intend to service the emergent
economies like those in Asia and South America as well as the mobile
professional and the transport industries.
But in order to service these large lucrative markets they have to be
able to service every point on planet Earth twenty-four hours a day. That means that in the near future there
will be no reason for these new satellite cellular companies to charge more
to somebody in a remote village in Africa than they do to somebody in
downtown New York City. (Unless, of
course, individual countries impose regulations and tariffs.)
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